• About
  • Masthead
  • License Content
  • Advertise
  • Submit Press Release
  • RSS/Email List
  • Write for us
  • Contact us
2 Minute Medicine
No Result
View All Result

No products in the cart.

SUBSCRIBE
  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • AccountLog-in/out
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account
2 Minute Medicine
  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • AccountLog-in/out
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account
SUBSCRIBE
2 Minute Medicine
Subscribe
Home All Specialties Infectious Disease

Simplified antibiotic regimens effective for treatment of infants with clinical signs of serious infection when referral was not possible [AFRINEST]

byMelissa McCoyandXiaozhou Liu
April 10, 2015
in Infectious Disease, Pediatrics, Public Health
Reading Time: 3 mins read
0
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

1. In this randomized, open-label, equivalence trial, simplified antibiotic regimens were as effective as reference treatment for young infants with clinical signs of serious infection for which referral to a hospital was not possible. 

Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent)

Study Rundown: The World Health Organization recommends young infants (aged 0-59 days) be referred to a hospital when serious bacterial infection is suspected. This study assessed whether 3 simplified antibiotic regimens for treatment of infants with clinical signs of serious bacterial infection were as effective as standard treatment when referral to a hospital was not possible. At sites in DR Congo, Kenya, and Nigeria young infants with clinical signs of serious infection were allocated to 4 treatment groups- group A (reference group) was treated with injectable gentamicin and procaine benzylpenicillin for 7 days. The reference group was compared to 3 simplified regimens: injectable gentamicin and oral amoxicillin for 7 days (group B), injectable procaine benzylpenicillin-gentamicin for 2 days and then oral amoxicillin for 5 days (group C), and injectable gentamicin once per day for 2 days and oral amoxicillin for 7 days (group D). The 3 simplified outpatient regimens were as effective as the reference treatment for treatment of young infants with clinical signs of serious infection. Referral to a hospital is not always possible in some settings and effective outpatient treatment regimens hold potential to reduce neonatal mortality rates. A major strength of this study was its high rate of follow-up. It was limited by incomplete blinding due to the unethical nature of providing placebo injections to young infants.

The study was funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant to WHO.

Click to read the study in The Lancet Global Health

Relevant Reading: Scientific Rationale for Study Design of Community-based Simplified Antibiotic Therapy Trials in Newborns and Young Infants With Clinically Diagnosed Severe Infections or Fast Breathing in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa

In-Depth [randomized controlled trial]: This randomized, open-label, equivalence trial sought to analyze the efficacy of simplified antibiotic regimens in infants with clinical signs of serious infection when referral was not possible. From April 2011 to June 2013, 3,364 young infants were included in analysis to compare efficacy of the 4 antibiotic regimens at 5 sites in DC Congo, Kenya, and Nigeria. To be included, young infants needed to have predefined clinical signs of serious infection but were excluded if predetermined signs of critical illness were present. Primary outcome was treatment failure by day 8 of treatment defined as clinical deterioration, development of a serious adverse event (including death), no improvement by day 4, or not cured by day 8.

RELATED REPORTS

Vitamin and mineral supplementation associated with minimal to no benefit in the primary preventing of cardiovascular disease and cancer – US Preventative Services Task Force

RSVpreF vaccine prevents symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection

Incidence of Kawasaki disease found to be lower during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

67 (8%) infants failed treatment in group A compared with 51 (6%) infants in group B (risk difference -1.9%, 95% CI -4.4 to 0.1), 65 (8%) in group C (-0.6%, -3.1 to 2.0), and 46 (5%) in group D (-2.7%, -5.1 to 0.3). For treatment of infants with clinical signs of serious infection, the simplified regimens were found to be as effective as reference treatment with injectable procaine benzylpenicillin-gentamicin when referral to a hospital was not possible.

Image: PD

©2015 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. All rights reserved. No works may be reproduced without expressed written consent from 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. Inquire about licensing here. No article should be construed as medical advice and is not intended as such by the authors or by 2 Minute Medicine, Inc.

Previous Post

Vigorous exercise associated with decreased mortality

Next Post

Pre-injury ACE inhibitors may reduce organ failure in obese trauma patients

RelatedReports

Quick Take: The clinical effectiveness of sertraline in primary care and the role of depression severity and duration (PANDA): a pragmatic, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial
Cardiology

Vitamin and mineral supplementation associated with minimal to no benefit in the primary preventing of cardiovascular disease and cancer – US Preventative Services Task Force

June 24, 2022
RSV positivity associated with reduced serious bacterial infection risk [Classics Series]
Infectious Disease

RSVpreF vaccine prevents symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection

June 24, 2022
Cardiovascular events in Kawasaki Disease not significantly elevated over controls
Chronic Disease

Incidence of Kawasaki disease found to be lower during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

June 24, 2022
The ABCD2 score: Risk of stroke after Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) [Classics Series]
Gastroenterology Classics

CT evaluation in pancreatitis strongly correlates with patient outcomes [Classics Series]

June 24, 2022
Next Post
Colonic byproduct may decrease long-term weight gain

Pre-injury ACE inhibitors may reduce organ failure in obese trauma patients

Early palliative care may improve survival in advanced cancer

Early palliative care may improve survival in advanced cancer

AAP policy update recommends first-line contraceptives, addresses special populations

IUD use associated with decreased risk of preeclampsia

License Our Award-Winning Physician-Written Medical News and Visual Abstracts

2 Minute Medicine is the leading authoritative medical news licensing service, and the only with reports written by practicing doctors.

LICENSE CONTENT

2MM+ Premium Access

No ads & unlimited access to all current reports, over 9000 searchable archived reports, visual abstracts, Weekly Rewinds, and the online edition of The Classics Series™ textbook.

Subscription Options
2 Minute Medicine

2 Minute Medicine® is an award winning, physician-run, expert medical media company. Our content is curated, written and edited by practicing health professionals who have clinical and scientific expertise in their field of reporting. Our editorial management team is comprised of highly-trained MD physicians. Join numerous brands, companies, and hospitals who trust our licensed content.

Recent Reports

  • Vitamin and mineral supplementation associated with minimal to no benefit in the primary preventing of cardiovascular disease and cancer – US Preventative Services Task Force
  • RSVpreF vaccine prevents symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection
  • Incidence of Kawasaki disease found to be lower during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
License Content
Terms of Use | Disclaimer
Cookie Policy
Privacy Statement (EU)
Disclaimer

© 2021 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. - Physician-written medical news.

  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • Account
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account

© 2021 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. - Physician-written medical news.