Adenotonsillectomy improves behavior in childhood obstructive sleep apnea (CHAT Trial)

Image: PD

1. Early adenotonsillectomy for children with obstructive sleep apnea was associated with improvements in symptoms, polysomnographic tests, behavior, and quality of life. 

2. Black and obese children treated with adenotonsillectomy showed lower rates of normalization of polysomnographic findings, … Read More

The CRASH-II trial: Tranexamic acid in trauma patients [Classics Series]

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By Aimee Li, M.D.; Andrew Cheung, M.D.

1. Tranexamic acid significantly reduces all-cause mortality in trauma patients with significant hemorrhage.

2. There were no significant differences between the tranexamic acid and placebo groups with regards to the incidence of … Read More

Artificial neural networks predict survival in brain metastasis patients

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1. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), computer programs created based on the biology of functional neural networks, are ideal for analyzing complex clinical problems. 

2. ANNs were better than traditional scoring indices and statistical tests at predicting 1-year survival … Read More

Early risk factor for progression of cystic fibrosis identified

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1. Neutrophil elastase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 3 months is a risk factor for persistent bronchiectasis at 12 months and 3 years of age.  

Study Rundown: Bronchiectasis, the abnormal dilation of parts of the bronchial tree, … Read More

Acellular Pertussis vaccine less effective than whole-cell vaccine

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1. Teenagers vaccinated with acellular pertussis (DTaP) in infancy were at a greater risk of developing pertussis than those vaccinated with whole-cell pertussis (DTwP). 

2.  Each dose of DTap vaccine put children at higher risk for pertussis infection … Read More

Prone positioning decreases mortality in severe ARDS (PROSEVA Trial)

Image: CC/JHeilman

1. ICU patients with severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) who underwent prone positioning had lower 28-day and 90-day mortality rates than those who remained supine. 

2. This mortality benefit appears to stem from superior oxygenation and a … Read More