• About
  • Masthead
  • License Content
  • Advertise
  • Submit Press Release
  • RSS/Email List
  • Write for us
  • Contact us
2 Minute Medicine
No Result
View All Result

No products in the cart.

SUBSCRIBE
  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • The Scan
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • AccountLog-in/out
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account
2 Minute Medicine
  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • The Scan
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • AccountLog-in/out
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account
SUBSCRIBE
2 Minute Medicine
Subscribe
Home All Specialties Chronic Disease

HIV rebound observed after therapeutic stem cell transplant

byJeffrey CampbellandAimme Li, MD
July 21, 2014
in Chronic Disease, Infectious Disease
Reading Time: 3 mins read
0
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

1. In this case study, two patients with chronic HIV infection who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant achieved HIV remission for several weeks after their antiretroviral therapy was stopped.

2. However, both patients subsequently experienced viral rebound associated with the acute retroviral syndrome.

Evidence Rating Level: 4 (Below average) 

Study Rundown: Latent HIV reservoirs pose a significant barrier to elimination of the virus, and require long-term suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART). The authors previously described the depletion of peripheral blood HIV reservoirs in two male patients with chronic HIV-1 several years after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). In the present study, these two patients underwent “analytic treatment interruption” (ATI, i.e. the patients stopped taking ART while undergoing close monitoring for viral rebound) to determine if decreased reservoirs could lead to ART-free remission. Following ATI, both patients achieved temporary HIV remission, one for 13 weeks and the other for 32 weeks. However, both patients subsequently experienced viral rebound, accompanied by symptoms of the acute retroviral syndrome, and one was found to have new resistance to the antiretroviral efavirenz. Overall, the study found that although HSCT may result in substantial depletion of HIV reservoirs, latent infection persists and even a small number of residual infected cells can lead to viral rebound. Despite limitations from a small sample size, this analysis highlights the need to further characterize latent viral reservoirs as the pursuit of sustained ART-free HIV remission continues.

Click to read the study, published today in the Annals of Internal Medicine

Click to read an accompanying editorial in the Annals of Internal Medicine

Relevant Reading: Long-Term Control of HIV by CCR5 Delta32/Delta32 Stem-Cell Transplantation

RELATED REPORTS

The 2 Minute Medicine Podcast Episode 6

The Scan by 2 Minute Medicine®: The Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease, the Silent Killer, a Holiday Blizzard and an HIV Vaccine on the Horizon

Risk scores perform moderately well in discriminating people living with HIV with higher vs lower cardiovascular disease risk

In-Depth [case series]: In this case series, one patient underwent allogeneic HSCT for recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma, while the other underwent HSCT for myelodysplastic syndrome following treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and subsequent Hodgkin lymphoma. ATI was initiated for these patients 4.3 and 2.6 years following HSCT, respectively. Prior to ATI, both patients were subjected to extensive viral reservoir characterization, including sampling of peripheral blood and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (one patient only), with no HIV-1 DNA or replication-competent HIV-1 found in any samples. Following ATI, viremia was detected by clinical viral load (VL) assay in one patient 84 days after ATI and 14 days after a negative clinical VL test. This virus demonstrated new efavirenz resistance.  In the other patient, viremia was detected following onset of generalized symptoms 219 days after ATI and 8 days after a negative clinical VL test. Both patients experienced symptoms of the acute retroviral syndrome, but symptoms abated as viral load fell after ART was restarted. Notably, phylogenetic analysis of the resurgent virus suggested that the virus had emerged from only one or a few cells or latent proviruses. In addition, both patients had experienced graft-versus-host disease following HSCT, and the authors hypothesize that chronic, sub-clinical GVHD may have suppressed viral reservoirs and delayed viral rebound.

Image: PD 

©2012-2014 2minutemedicine.com. All rights reserved. No works may be reproduced without expressed written consent from 2minutemedicine.com. Disclaimer: We present factual information directly from peer reviewed medical journals. No post should be construed as medical advice and is not intended as such by the authors, editors, staff or by 2minutemedicine.com. PLEASE SEE A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IN YOUR AREA IF YOU SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE OF ANY SORT.

Tags: AIDSHIVstem cells
Previous Post

2 Minute Medicine Rewind July 15 – July 21, 2014

Next Post

Cervical length may predict preterm delivery

RelatedReports

2MM Podcast

The 2 Minute Medicine Podcast Episode 6

January 13, 2023
The Scan by 2 Minute Medicine®:  Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc, Taylor Swift, NBA rookie Chet Holmgren and Magic Mushrooms!
The Scan by 2 Minute Medicine®

The Scan by 2 Minute Medicine®: The Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease, the Silent Killer, a Holiday Blizzard and an HIV Vaccine on the Horizon

January 11, 2023
Few high school students, young adults get HIV testing
Cardiology

Risk scores perform moderately well in discriminating people living with HIV with higher vs lower cardiovascular disease risk

January 3, 2023
Positive physician experience in the Pediatric AIDS Corps
Cardiology

Risk of cardiovascular pathology determined using advanced cardiovascular imaging limited by heterogeneity amongst patients with human immunodeficiency virus

September 17, 2022
Next Post
Children born late preterm birth at higher odds to fail standardized tests

Cervical length may predict preterm delivery

Of Background Image

24 hours may be sufficient to monitor blood cultures in febrile infants

Isoniazid for tuberculosis control ineffective in high-risk clusters

Millennium Declaration successful in reducing global burden of HIV, malaria, and TB

License Our Award-Winning Physician-Written Medical News and Visual Abstracts

2 Minute Medicine is the leading authoritative medical news licensing service, and the only with reports written by practicing doctors.

LICENSE CONTENT

2MM+ Premium Access

No ads & unlimited access to all current reports, over 9000 searchable archived reports, visual abstracts, Weekly Rewinds, and the online edition of The Classics Series™ textbook.

Subscription Options
2 Minute Medicine

2 Minute Medicine® is an award winning, physician-run, expert medical media company. Our content is curated, written and edited by practicing health professionals who have clinical and scientific expertise in their field of reporting. Our editorial management team is comprised of highly-trained MD physicians. Join numerous brands, companies, and hospitals who trust our licensed content.

Recent Reports

  • Higher body mass index may be associated with altered vitamin D levels and metabolism
  • #VisualAbstract: Torsemide does not provide additional decrease in mortality compared to furosemide among patients hospitalized for heart failure
  • Community-based adult vision screening program increases access to eye care
License Content
Terms of Use | Disclaimer
Cookie Policy
Privacy Statement (EU)
Disclaimer

© 2021 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. - Physician-written medical news.

  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • The Scan
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • Account
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account

© 2021 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. - Physician-written medical news.

Want more physician-written
medical news?

Join over 10 million yearly readers and numerous companies. For healthcare professionals
and the public.

Subscribe for free today!

Subscription options