Tag: AIDS

1. Targeted versus nontargeted HIV screening in the emergency department resulted in a similar number of new HIV diagnoses, yet a lower percentage of testing was performed in the targeted cohorts. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Study Rundown: Diagnosing HIV is a critical public health priority to initiate early treatment and...

  Mass Drug Administration for Scabies Control in a Population with Endemic Disease Scabies is an underrecognized and common disease transmitted by direct contact and inoculation of surfaces and articles of clothing. Chronic scabies infection can lead to systemic illness and complications. In this study of three different island communities in...

1. HIV-1 acquisition rates were significantly lower in men who used tenofovir-disoprovil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). 2. TDF-FTC was associated with significantly higher rates of gastrointestinal (GI) complaints and elevated serum creatinine levels. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Study Rundown: Studies have shown potential for effective PrEP of...

1. This randomized controlled trial showed that prophylaxis with lopinavir-ritonavir was not superior to lamivudine in preventing HIV infections through breastfeeding for up to 50 weeks in infants born to HIV-infected mothers. 2. Both lopinavir-ritonavir and lamivudine resulted in very low rates of HIV infections. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Study Rundown:...

1. In this randomized open-label trial, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with once daily tenofovir-emtricitabine was found effective in preventing HIV-1 infection in high-risk gay men. 2. In the group using PrEP, an increased rate of sexual partners or sexually transmitted disease was not observed. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Study Rundown: Although...

1. Asymptomatic, HIV-positive adults with CD4 cell counts above 500 who were initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) immediately had significantly fewer serious AIDS-related events and serious non-AIDS events, compared to similar individuals whose therapy was deferred until development of AIDS or another condition prompting ART treatment. 2. These findings were...

1. In a retrospective review of a large cancer database of over 1.8 million patients, HIV infection was associated with increased risk of cancer-specific mortality compared to uninfected patients, regardless of cancer stage or treatment received. Evidence Rating Level: 3 (Average) Study Rundown: Infection with HIV is a known...

1. HIV-positive patients receiving kidney transplants from HIV-positive donor patients experienced a 5-year cumulative survival of 74% and a 5-year cumulative graft survival of 84%. 2. After 5 years of follow-up, HIV-positive patients receiving kidney transplants from HIV-positive donors had viral load levels that remained undetectable. Evidence Rating Level:...

In this section, we highlight the key high-impact studies, updates, and analyses published in medicine during the past week. Tenofovir-Based Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection among African Women Pre-exposure prophylaxis with tenofovir combined with or without emtricitabine has been shown to significantly reduce rates of HIV acquisition in populations including men...

In this section, we highlight the key high-impact studies, updates, and analyses published in medicine during the past week. Adjuvant Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab for Node-Negative, HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Trastuzumab has been shown to be an effective therapy for Stage II and III HER2-positive breast cancers in multiple large trials. However, whether...