Tag: transplant

  1. Following treatment with glucocorticoids, human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from cord blood demonstrated enhanced homing and engraftment to bone marrow in mice. 2. Glucocorticoids improved HSC homing by increasing histone acetylation, which resulted in increased CXCR4 expression. Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good) Study Rundown: HSCs from cord blood are used for...

  1. A targeted immunoproteasome inhibitor, DPLG3, was found to have high selectivity for the immune cell proteasome and was not toxic to other cell types. 2. When administered after a heart transplant in mice, DPLG3 allowed for minimal graft rejection through a decrease in T cell activation. Evidence Rating Level: 1...

1. Survival after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant was better in patients treated with cord blood than in patients treated with either HLA-matched or HLA-mismatched bone marrow or peripheral blood transplant. 2. Patients treated with cord-blood showed a lower risk of acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome relapse than patients treated with...

1. When stimulated with a variety of growth and inflammatory factors, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) took on a macrophage-like phenotype, which is associated with immune-suppression. 2. The stimulated ESCs (ES-SCs) appeared to prolong non-self graft survival in mice by suppressing immune cell activity at the graft site. Evidence Rating Level:...

1. In children with hematologic malignancy, there was no significant difference in terms of 1-year survival between single- and double-unit cord-blood transplantation groups. 2. Children who received double-unit cord-blood transplantation were more likely to experience delayed platelet recovery and graft-versus-host disease. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent)       Study Rundown: Unrelated-donor...

1. Depletion of all Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) induced rejection of stable skin and heart allogeneic transplants in a hematopoietic chimeric mouse model.  2. The presence of either donor or recipient Tregs was sufficient to maintain tolerance of both skin and heart transplants.  Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good)  Study Rundown: Allogeneic transplants,...

1. Chemotherapy agent AZD80559, a competitive mTOR inhibitor, suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro more effectively than Rapamycin.  2. Like Rapamycin, AZD80559 increased cardiac allograft survival when compared with graft survival in mice having received no immunosuppressive therapy.  Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good)  Study Rundown: Transplant rejection is mediated by a strong...

1. Factors that predict survival after stem cell transplant for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) include: age less than 3.5 months, no active infection at time of transplant, matched sibling donor.  2. Factors that have a negative effect on survival after transplant for SCID include: active infection at time of transplant,...

1. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) in an autoimmune condition causing mechanical endothelial injury leading to activation of a pathway that triggers vascular stenosis; this pathway is initiated by a kinase referred to as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). 2. Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with sirolimus was...

In this section, we highlight the key high-impact studies, updates, and analyses published in medicine during the past week. Loss-of-function Mutations in APOC3, Triglycerides, and Coronary Disease; Loss-of-function Mutations in APOC3 and Risk of Ischemic Vascular Disease Apolipoprotein C3, a protein in remnant cholesterol particles, is associated with hypertriglyceridemia, which has been...