• About
  • Masthead
  • License Content
  • Advertise
  • Submit Press Release
  • RSS/Email List
  • Write for us
  • Contact us
2 Minute Medicine
No Result
View All Result

No products in the cart.

SUBSCRIBE
  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • The Scan
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • AccountLog-in/out
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account
2 Minute Medicine
  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • The Scan
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • AccountLog-in/out
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account
SUBSCRIBE
2 Minute Medicine
Subscribe
Home All Specialties Emergency

Etiology of pediatric bacteremia and empiric treatment time vary

byMikhaela MontyandLeah Carr, MD
March 9, 2015
in Emergency, Infectious Disease, Pediatrics
Reading Time: 3 mins read
0
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

1. From 2001 to 2011, there was a decrease in the rate of vaccine-preventable bacteremia and a concomitant increase in rates of gram-negative bacteremia noted in a busy United Kingdom emergency department (ED).

2. Patients with vaccine-preventable bacteremia waited less time for empiric treatment compared to those with other causes of bacteremia.

Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good)  

Study Rundown: Bacteremia in children carries a significant rate of morbidity and mortality, and requires prompt recognition and appropriate treatment to minimize complications. A better understanding of infectious etiologies can lead to rapid recognition and more appropriately tailored treatments, factors critically important in pediatric bacteremia management. This study examines and clarifies recent changes in the etiologies of pediatric bacteremia. All confirmed pediatric cases of bacteremia from 2001 to 2011 in one United Kingdom ED were analyzed. There was a decrease in vaccine-preventable etiologies of bacteremia and an increase in gram negative bacteremia over this time period. Rates of community-acquired bacteremia decreased while healthcare associated (HCA) infections, defined as community acquired infections with characteristics of hospital-acquired disease, increased. Time to treatment was shorter among patients with vaccine-preventable etiologies. In addition, these cases were almost entirely susceptible to empiric antibiotic treatment while overall, susceptibility to empirical antibiotics declined over time. Over the 11 years studied, an increase in time to antibiotics was noted, with patients suffering from gram-negative bacteremia experiencing a greater increase in time to empiric treatment. The changing trend in bacterial etiology highlights the need for adjustments in treating pediatric patients with bacteremia. While this study highlights important changes over time, the generalizability of the conclusions is limited by the single-center scope.

Click to read the study published in Pediatrics

Relevant Reading: The accuracy of clinical symptoms and signs for the diagnosis of serious bacterial infection in young febrile children: prospective cohort study of 15 781 febrile illnesses

Study Author, Dr. Adam D. Irwin, MRCPCH, talks to 2 Minute Medicine: University of Liverpool, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

RELATED REPORTS

The Scan by 2 Minute Medicine®: Overprescribed and Understocked, A Costly Message, A Bad Wrap and Mauna Loa Erupts Again!

#VisualAbstract: Shorter antibiotic course non-inferior to longer course for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia

Virtual pediatric acute care visits within the medical home are safe and acceptable to parents

“Over the 11 years of the study in a large children’s Emergency Department, bacteraemia caused by vaccine preventable infections, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, substantially declined, whilst Gram negative infections and healthcare-associated infections increased.

Healthcare-associated bacteraemia were demonstrated to be more likely resistant to empirical antibiotics, and were associated with delayed administration of antibiotics and increased length of hospital stay. Improved diagnostic tools to recognise bacteraemia should be developed, alongside continued surveillance of aetiology and resistance.”

In-Depth [retrospective cohort study]: This study analyzed all 575 episodes of bacteremia in 525 children presenting to the Alder Hey Children’s Hospital ED in the United Kingdom, from 2001 through 2011. The etiology of bacteremia varied by age, with young infants presenting most often with E. coli  and Group B streptococcus, children between 1 and 5 years old presenting with S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis, and those over 5 years old most commonly presenting with S. aureus. Overall, the rate of children with clinically significant bacteremia was 1.42 per 1000 ED visits (95%CI 1.31-1.53). Over the 11 years studied, the rate of vaccine-preventable etiologies decreased. Most notably, the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in 2006 was associated with a 49% reduction in pneumococcal bacteremia (95%CI 32-74). In the meantime, the rate of gram-negative bacteremia increased from 0.24 to 0.53 per 1000 ED visits. Likelihood of susceptibility to empirical antibiotic therapy decreased from 96.3% (95%CI 92.1-98.2) to 82.6% by 2011 (95%CI 69.8-90.7). Specifically, 99% of vaccine preventable etiologies were susceptible to empiric therapy while 22% of gram-negative bacteria were resistant (p < 0.001). Compared to vaccine-preventable etiologies, time to antibiotic treatment was increased by 57 minutes in gram-negative infections.

Image: PD

©2015 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. All rights reserved. No works may be reproduced without expressed written consent from 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. Inquire about licensing here. No article should be construed as medical advice and is not intended as such by the authors or by 2 Minute Medicine, Inc.

Tags: antibioticsbacteremia
Previous Post

2 Minute Medicine Rewind March 1 – March 8, 2015

Next Post

Newer antidepressant use in pregnancy not linked to childhood asthma

RelatedReports

The Scan by 2 Minute Medicine®:  Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc, Taylor Swift, NBA rookie Chet Holmgren and Magic Mushrooms!
The Scan by 2 Minute Medicine®

The Scan by 2 Minute Medicine®: Overprescribed and Understocked, A Costly Message, A Bad Wrap and Mauna Loa Erupts Again!

December 14, 2022
#VisualAbstract: Intensive blood pressure control post-endovascular thrombectomy after acute ischemic stroke linked with worse clinical outcomes
StudyGraphics

#VisualAbstract: Shorter antibiotic course non-inferior to longer course for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia

November 25, 2022
AAP recommends telemedicine to improve access to care
Emergency

Virtual pediatric acute care visits within the medical home are safe and acceptable to parents

November 25, 2022
#VisualAbstract: Cefepime and Enmetazobactam in treatment of urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis was more effective than Piperacillin and Tazobactam
StudyGraphics

#VisualAbstract: Cefepime and Enmetazobactam in treatment of urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis was more effective than Piperacillin and Tazobactam

October 6, 2022
Next Post
Newer antidepressant use in pregnancy not linked to childhood asthma

Newer antidepressant use in pregnancy not linked to childhood asthma

Vegetarian diet may lower incidence of colorectal cancer

Vegetarian diet may lower incidence of colorectal cancer

Intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agents may deposit in brain tissue

Intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agents may deposit in brain tissue

License Our Award-Winning Physician-Written Medical News and Visual Abstracts

2 Minute Medicine is the leading authoritative medical news licensing service, and the only with reports written by practicing doctors.

LICENSE CONTENT

2MM+ Premium Access

No ads & unlimited access to all current reports, over 9000 searchable archived reports, visual abstracts, Weekly Rewinds, and the online edition of The Classics Series™ textbook.

Subscription Options
2 Minute Medicine

2 Minute Medicine® is an award winning, physician-run, expert medical media company. Our content is curated, written and edited by practicing health professionals who have clinical and scientific expertise in their field of reporting. Our editorial management team is comprised of highly-trained MD physicians. Join numerous brands, companies, and hospitals who trust our licensed content.

Recent Reports

  • Active surveillance strategies to improve rates of inferior vena cava filter retrieval
  • Intranasal vaccine against Bordetella pertussis invokes seronegative IgA response
  • Hydrochlorothiazide does not impact risk of kidney-stone recurrence
License Content
Terms of Use | Disclaimer
Cookie Policy
Privacy Statement (EU)
Disclaimer

© 2021 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. - Physician-written medical news.

  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • The Scan
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • Account
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account

© 2021 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. - Physician-written medical news.

Want more physician-written
medical news?

Join over 10 million yearly readers and numerous companies. For healthcare professionals
and the public.

Subscribe for free today!

Subscription options