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Home All Specialties Infectious Disease

Association between use of multiple classes of antibiotic in infancy an allergic disease in childhood

byAliya Ramjaun
December 30, 2019
in Infectious Disease, Pediatrics
Reading Time: 1 min read
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1. Commonly prescribed antibiotics in infancy are associated with later diagnosis of allergic disease in childhood

Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good)

The use of antibiotics negatively impacts the human microbiome, decreasing bacterial diversity. These kinds of changes to the microbiome have been previously found to be associated with allergic disease. In this retrospective cohort study, 798,426 children (Department of Defense Tricare beneficiaries) were followed up for the presence of any allergic disease and/or related conditions (i.e. anaphylaxis, asthma, atopic dermatitis) to determine whether exposure to multiple antibiotic classes in infancy is associated with a higher risk of developing allergic disease in early childhood. Researchers found that all the antibiotic types assessed were associated with an increased risk of allergic disease in childhood, including penicillin (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.31), penicillin with a β-lactamase inhibitor (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.23), cephalosporins (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.21), sulphonamides (HR 1.06, 95% ci 1.03 to 1.10) and macrolides (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.30). Children prescribed an additional class of antibiotic demonstrated a further increased likelihood of later developing allergic disease. This study therefore shows that commonly prescribed antibiotics used in infancy are associated with later diagnosis of allergic disease in childhood.

Click to read the study in JAMA Pediatrics

Image: PD

©2019 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. All rights reserved. No works may be reproduced without expressed written consent from 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. Inquire about licensing here. No article should be construed as medical advice and is not intended as such by the authors or by 2 Minute Medicine, Inc.

Tags: allergiesAnaphylaxisantibioticsasthmaatopic dermatitis
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