• About
  • Masthead
  • License Content
  • Advertise
  • Submit Press Release
  • RSS/Email List
  • Write for us
  • Contact us
2 Minute Medicine
No Result
View All Result

No products in the cart.

SUBSCRIBE
  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • The Scan
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • AccountLog-in/out
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account
2 Minute Medicine
  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • The Scan
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • AccountLog-in/out
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account
SUBSCRIBE
2 Minute Medicine
Subscribe
Home All Specialties Infectious Disease

Neutralizing antibodies protect against SHIV infection in young macaques [PreClinical]

byChristine YoonandJessica Lau
June 18, 2016
in Infectious Disease, Preclinical
Reading Time: 3 mins read
0
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

 

1. Young macaques infected with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) were treated with a combination of two human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NmAbs), which prevented plasma viremia for up to 24 weeks post-infection.

2. Animals treated with NmAbs did not develop adaptive immunity towards SHIV and showed no establishment of viral reservoirs.

Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good)           

Study Rundown: Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), mother-to-child transmission continues to increase the number of childhood HIV cases. Moreover, ART poses risks to newborns and infants, including the development of drug-resistant viral strains. Here, researchers evaluated the efficacy of a cocktail of NmAbs in young macaques over a 6-month period.

Macaques were treated with two NmAbs on days 1, 4, 7, and 10 following SHIV inoculation. Compared to the non-treated group, animals with NmAb treatment showed no detectable virus levels in the plasma or blood cells. Two weeks after infection, virus was absent from the range of organs and tissues evaluated. Over longer periods of time, macaques treated with NmAbs continued to have undetectable levels of SHIV in plasma and blood cell samples. In animals with NmAb treatment, no SHIV-specific T cell responses were observed the blood, spleen or lymph nodes. After the CD8+ T cell population in treated animals was depleted, viremia continued to remain at untraceable levels for several weeks, indicating the absence of viral reservoirs that would be controlled by T cell-mediated suppression.

This work presents important evidence supporting the ability of NmAbs to protect against SHIV infection. In contrast, ART only controls viral replication rate. This study also aids in defining a time window in which NmAb treatment may be effective after exposure to HIV during childbirth. A phase I clinical trial for antibodies similar to the ones presented in this work has demonstrated general safety and tolerance in healthy adults. Follow-up studies to demonstrate safety in HIV-exposed newborns are underway in the U.S. and South Africa.

RELATED REPORTS

BNT162b2 booster is safe and reduces COVID-19 transmission in older adults

Bisphosphonates, denosumab, abaloparatide, teriparatide, and romosozumab reduce postmenopausal fracture risk

Epstein-Barr viral load monitoring reduces risk of post-liver transplant lymphoproliferative disease

Click to read the study in Nature Medicine

Relevant Reading: Broadly neutralizing antibodies and the search for an HIV-1 vaccine: the end of the beginning

In-Depth [animal study]: One-month-old macaques were orally infected with a 50% animal infection dose (AID50) of SHIVSF162P3, corresponding to ~7×108 viral RNA copies. Two cocktails of NmAbs (PGT121 and VRC07-523) were prepared at 10mg/kg (5mg/kg for each mAb) or 40mg/kg (20mg/kg for each mAb) and delivered subcutaneously to animals at days 1, 4, 7, and 10 post-SHIV infection. Plasma viral loads (PVL) and cell-associated viral loads (CAVL) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 8 animals were monitored using quantitative RT-PCR and quantitative PCR measurements for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) RNA copies. Tissue distribution of SHIV in these animals was also monitored using ultrasensitive nested quantitative PCR and RT-PCR targeting for the SIV gag region. By day 14 after infection, animals treated with 40mg/kg NmAbs showed no detectable levels of viral gag copies.

Longitudinal studies that spanned up to 24 weeks post-infection illustrated that PVL and CAVL remained unchanged and undetectable in macaques treated with either the low (n=4) or high (n=6) doses of NmAbs. In the animals with low-dose NmAb treatment, T cell immunity to SHIV components (SIVmac239 proteins Gag and Vif) was probed through intracellular cytokine staining of blood, spleen, and lymph node cells. Fragments of DNA encoding for Gag or Vif did not elicit any inflammatory response from the isolated T cells as measured by flow cytometry, whereas incubation with the positive control staphylococcal enterotoxin B generated a strong increase in immune response. In the animals treated with low doses of NmAbs, CD8+ T cells were depleted using the CD8-α–depleting antibody M-T807R1 24 weeks after initial infection. PVL and CAVL levels in these macaques remained undetectable for up to 4 weeks during the depletion phase.

Image: PD

©2016 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. All rights reserved. No works may be reproduced without expressed written consent from 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. Inquire about licensing here. No article should be construed as medical advice and is not intended as such by the authors or by 2 Minute Medicine, Inc.

Previous Post

FDA-approved weight loss medications associated with weight loss at one year

Next Post

2 Minute Medicine Rewind June 13, 2016

RelatedReports

Social networks play key roles in parental vaccination decisions
Infectious Disease

BNT162b2 booster is safe and reduces COVID-19 transmission in older adults

January 30, 2023
Romosozumab significantly increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
Chronic Disease

Bisphosphonates, denosumab, abaloparatide, teriparatide, and romosozumab reduce postmenopausal fracture risk

January 30, 2023
Resection of colorectal liver metastases may improve cost and longevity
Chronic Disease

Epstein-Barr viral load monitoring reduces risk of post-liver transplant lymphoproliferative disease

January 30, 2023
Quick Take: State Gun Laws, Gun Ownership, and Mass Shootings in the US: Cross-Sectional Time Series
Pediatrics

Homicide deaths are on the rise for children living in the United States

January 30, 2023
Next Post
Lariat device for left atrial appendage exclusion associated with adverse events

2 Minute Medicine Rewind June 13, 2016

Nanoparticle delivery of aurora kinase inhibitor may improve tumor treatment [PreClinical]

Low-cost test rapidly detects Zika virus [PreClinical]

HOSPITAL score predicts risk of 30-day potentially avoidable readmission to hospital

Opioid prescriptions common after hospital discharge

License Our Award-Winning Physician-Written Medical News and Visual Abstracts

2 Minute Medicine is the leading authoritative medical news licensing service, and the only with reports written by practicing doctors.

LICENSE CONTENT

2MM+ Premium Access

No ads & unlimited access to all current reports, over 9000 searchable archived reports, visual abstracts, Weekly Rewinds, and the online edition of The Classics Series™ textbook.

Subscription Options
2 Minute Medicine

2 Minute Medicine® is an award winning, physician-run, expert medical media company. Our content is curated, written and edited by practicing health professionals who have clinical and scientific expertise in their field of reporting. Our editorial management team is comprised of highly-trained MD physicians. Join numerous brands, companies, and hospitals who trust our licensed content.

Recent Reports

  • BNT162b2 booster is safe and reduces COVID-19 transmission in older adults
  • Bisphosphonates, denosumab, abaloparatide, teriparatide, and romosozumab reduce postmenopausal fracture risk
  • Epstein-Barr viral load monitoring reduces risk of post-liver transplant lymphoproliferative disease
License Content
Terms of Use | Disclaimer
Cookie Policy
Privacy Statement (EU)
Disclaimer

© 2021 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. - Physician-written medical news.

  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • The Scan
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • Account
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account

© 2021 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. - Physician-written medical news.

Want more physician-written
medical news?

Join over 10 million yearly readers and numerous companies. For healthcare professionals
and the public.

Subscribe for free today!

Subscription options