Tag: cancer screening

Insufficient maternal iodine intake associated with subfecundity, reduced foetal growth, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study 1. Low iodine intake associated with decreased subfecundity, reduced fetal growth, increased preterm delivery, and increased preeclampsia. Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good) The thyroid gland is important in fertility...

1. In this observational study involving women aged 70 to 84 years with a life expectancy of at least 10 years, continuing screening past the age of 75 offered no survival benefits versus stopping screening. 2. Participants in the “stop screening” group were, on average, more likely to be diagnosed...

1. In this study comparing three prominent lung cancer screening strategies, all were found to be cost-effective, yielding incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of under $100,000/quality adjusted life-year gained, the commonly referenced U.S. willingness-to-pay threshold. 2. As the maximum age for screening eligibility increased, greater reductions in cancer mortality were realized but...

1. Prediction tool may help physicians better personalize screening discussions with patients. 2. Benefits of the prediction tool, low-dose computer tomography (LDCT), was shown to be highest in patients with higher-risk for lung cancer and longer life expectancy. Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good) Study Rundown: Lung cancer is one of the most...

1. Sigmoidoscopy was associated with a reduction in the prevalence of colon cancer mortality in men. 2. Sigmoidoscopy did not appear to have a significant protective effect for women with respect to decreasing the rates of colorectal cancer. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Study Rundown: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the...

1. Colonoscopy in veterans was associated with reduced mortality from both left and right-sided colorectal cancer. 2. Mortality was reduced by 61% in patients screened by colonoscopy. Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good) Study Rundown: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening serves as a critical element of CRC prevention and management. To date, colonoscopy remains...

1. Digital health intervention resulted in significantly higher colon cancer screening rates among participants. 2. No statistically significant relationship was observed between the digital health intervention and health literacy, income, or race and ethnicity. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Study Rundown: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer...

1. In this randomized controlled trial, men who were screened with a single PSA test had higher diagnoses of prostate cancer than those who were unscreened. 2. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Study Rundown: In the era of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening,...

1. BRCA1 promoter methylation in normal white blood cells (WBCs) was linked to risk for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). 2. BRCA1 methylation was detected in women of all ages, including newborns, suggesting that BRCA1 methylation happens at an embryonic stage. Evidence Rating Level: 3 (Average)     Study Rundown: Females with BRCA1 mutations...

1. In terms of early lung cancer death per individual screened, targeting lung cancer mortality risk may improve lung cancer screening efficiency. 2. However, the increases in efficiency were attenuated when measured by life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and cost-effectiveness. Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good)          Study Rundown: Current guidelines for lung cancer screening...