1. The Child-Pugh score consists of five clinical features and is used to assess the prognosis of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. 2. The Child-Pugh score was originally developed in 1973 to predict surgical outcomes in patients...

1. The ABCD2 score is a validated, seven-point, risk-stratification tool to identify patients at high risk of stroke following a transient ischemic attack (TIA). 2. Patients with scores ≥4 are at considerably higher risk of stroke in...

1. Among infants born to women with preterm, premature rupture of membranes, those whose mothers were randomized to treatment with erythromycin experienced a lower incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes and prolongation of pregnancy compared to the placebo...

1. The Lee index is a prospectively validated model that predicts the risk of a cardiac event in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. 2. The six independent predictors are as follows: 1) high-risk surgery, 2) history of ischemic...

1. The use of loop diuretics in acute decompensated heart failure is commonplace, but clinical practice varies widely with regards to the dosage and administration of therapy. 2. This study found that mode of administration (bolus vs. continuous...

1. Intensive glycemic control in critically ill patients significantly increases 90-day mortality when compared to conventional glycemic control. 2. The incidence of severe hypoglycemia was significantly higher in patients receiving intensive glycemic control. Original Date of Publication:...

The following study summary is an excerpt from the book 2 Minute Medicine's The Classics in Radiology: Summaries of Clinically Relevant & Recent Landmark Studies, 1e (The Classics Series). 1. The revised Fleischner Society Guidelines (Tables I and...

1. Previous studies suggest that intensive blood glucose control reduces the risk of microvascular complications, though questions remained regarding the impact on macrovascular complications and mortality. 2. This study found that targeting HbA1c <6.0% resulted in higher...

1. The Wells DVT criteria are a validated clinical model for estimating pre-test probability of DVT. 2. D-dimer testing in outpatients can help inform the need for venous ultrasonography in the diagnosis of DVT. Original Date of...

1. The trial was terminated early when the data demonstrated that lower tidal volume ventilator settings in ALI/ARDS patients led to a significant decrease in in-hospital mortality. 2. Low tidal volume ventilation also led to an increase...

1. In patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), prone-positioning significantly reduced 28-day and 90-day mortality when compared with patients remaining in supine position. 2. Proned patients were also successfully extubated at higher rates and required...

Image: PD 1. Adding 25 mg of spironolactone to standard therapy reduces all-cause mortality in heart failure patients with an ejection fraction <35% Original Date of Publication: September 2, 1999 Study Rundown: This landmark study supported the use...

1. The POISE trial was a randomized controlled trial exploring the effect of perioperative beta-blockers on cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarctions, and nonfatal cardiac arrest. 2. Perioperative oral extended-release metoprolol was found to reduce the risk of...

Image: PD 1. There were no significant differences in 28-day, 6-month, or 12-month mortality when comparing dopamine and norepinephrine as first-line vasopressors in managing shock. 2. Dopamine was associated with a significantly higher rate of arrhythmias, as...

1. Apixaban was found to be non-inferior to conventional therapy (i.e., enoxaparin followed by warfarin) in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. 2. Major bleeding was found to be significantly less common in patients treated with apixaban...