• About
  • Masthead
  • License Content
  • Advertise
  • Submit Press Release
  • RSS/Email List
  • Write for us
  • Contact us
2 Minute Medicine
No Result
View All Result

No products in the cart.

SUBSCRIBE
  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • The Scan
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • AccountLog-in/out
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account
2 Minute Medicine
  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • The Scan
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • AccountLog-in/out
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account
SUBSCRIBE
2 Minute Medicine
Subscribe
Home All Specialties Chronic Disease

Modified embryonic stem cells may prolong survival of surgical grafts

byJessica LauandSarah Stapleton
November 5, 2014
in Chronic Disease, Surgery
Reading Time: 3 mins read
0
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

1. When stimulated with a variety of growth and inflammatory factors, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) took on a macrophage-like phenotype, which is associated with immune-suppression.

2. The stimulated ESCs (ES-SCs) appeared to prolong non-self graft survival in mice by suppressing immune cell activity at the graft site.

Evidence Rating Level: 3 (Average)

Study Rundown: Currently, patients who receive donor organ transplants must take immunosuppressive drugs indefinitely to prevent transplant rejection. While these drugs suppress a patients’ immune system response against the donor transplant, they also cause severe side effects such as increased chance of infection. Consequently, cell-based therapies are being investigated as an alternative immunosuppressive therapy. This study showed that ESCs, which have the potential to become many different types of cells, exhibit macrophage-like functions when stimulated with a defined cocktail of stimulatory factors. Macrophages are immune cells that can suppress inflammatory responses by other immune cells, particularly T cells. The study further showed administration of these ES-SCs increased graft survival in mice when the graft is from a separate mouse donor, or allogeneic source. In one exciting experiment, significantly more allogeneic heart muscle cell grafts derived from ESCs survived at four weeks when mice were treated with ES-SCs prior to transplantation.

Important to note, mice in this study were treated with a single dose of ES-SCs and graft survival was followed for less than one month. Thus, the long-term effects and benefits of ES-SCs remain undefined. Importantly, the ES-SC suppressive effect appeared to depend on the mouse donor type or breed, suggesting that this protective ability of the ESCs may be donor-dependant. Lastly, the process to create ES-SCs required 24 days; a more efficient process may be necessary to move these findings toward a clinical therapy. Despite these limitations, this pilot study demonstrates a novel cell-based therapy that may prevent immune system rejection of donor transplants.

Click to read the study in PLOS ONE

Relevant Reading: Immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells

RELATED REPORTS

Wellness Check: Spirituality

Study reports improvement in pediatric liver transplant outcomes over past decades

Factors associated with greater severity of COVID-19 disease among solid transplant recipients

In-Depth [animal study]: In a 24-day process, ESCs were cultured with sequential treatment of growth factors and lipopolysaccharide, which promotes cell differentiation. The resulting ES-SCs displayed a macrophage-like morphology, as well as high expression of macrophage- and immunosuppression-associated genes. In an in vitro assay, ES-SCs significantly inhibited T cell proliferation (p < 0.01). Researchers then investigated T-cell inflammatory responses to cells of different donor mice following exposure to either ES-SCs or a no-cell control. While exposure to ES-SCs suppressed the immune response of the T cells to one allogeneic donor type (the 129 mouse), it did not suppress the response against another donor type (the BALB mouse).

The ability of ES-SCs to prolong graft survival was tested in a mouse model using two separate types of grafts. The first type of graft was a transplanted ESC-derived embryoid body. In mice pre-treated with saline, no allogeneic grafts survived by day 14 post-transplantation. In mice pre-treated with ES-SCs, 100% of grafts survived for 14 days, but 0% of grafts survived for 28 days. In the second set of transplant experiments, researchers used a graft of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes, which were more terminally differentiated than the embryoid bodies. In mice pre-treated with saline, 30% of allogeneic grafts survived for 14 days post-transplantation, and 10% of grafts survived for 28 days. When the mice were pre-treated with ES-SCs, 90% of grafts survived for 14 days, and 63% of grafts survived for 28 days. ES-SCs significantly improved cardiomyocyte graft survival outcome when compared to the saline control (p < 0.01). Histological analysis showed that T cell infiltration in the grafts was reduced by treatment with ES-SCs.

More from this author: Key gut bacteria may prevent Clostridium difficile infection

Image: PD

©2012-2014 2minutemedicine.com. All rights reserved. No works may be reproduced without expressed written consent from 2minutemedicine.com. Disclaimer: We present factual information directly from peer reviewed medical journals. No post should be construed as medical advice and is not intended as such by the authors, editors, staff or by 2minutemedicine.com.

Tags: graftstem cellstransplant
Previous Post

Adding sargramostim to ipilimumab may improve survival in advanced melanoma

Next Post

Cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening with CT estimated

RelatedReports

Wellness

Wellness Check: Spirituality

October 27, 2022
Chronic Disease

Study reports improvement in pediatric liver transplant outcomes over past decades

September 19, 2022
Significant number of wrong-patient errors in radiology reports
Chronic Disease

Factors associated with greater severity of COVID-19 disease among solid transplant recipients

September 8, 2022
Image-guided percutaneous drainage of pericardial effusions is safe and effective
Cardiology

Genetically modified porcine-to-human cardiac xenograft failure

July 11, 2022
Next Post
PD/Army

Cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening with CT estimated

Double-opposing Z-plasty may improve cleft palate outcomes

Double-opposing Z-plasty may improve cleft palate outcomes

Fatty liver disease may independently predict high-risk coronary disease

Fatty liver disease may independently predict high-risk coronary disease

License Our Award-Winning Physician-Written Medical News and Visual Abstracts

2 Minute Medicine is the leading authoritative medical news licensing service, and the only with reports written by practicing doctors.

LICENSE CONTENT

2MM+ Premium Access

No ads & unlimited access to all current reports, over 9000 searchable archived reports, visual abstracts, Weekly Rewinds, and the online edition of The Classics Series™ textbook.

Subscription Options
2 Minute Medicine

2 Minute Medicine® is an award winning, physician-run, expert medical media company. Our content is curated, written and edited by practicing health professionals who have clinical and scientific expertise in their field of reporting. Our editorial management team is comprised of highly-trained MD physicians. Join numerous brands, companies, and hospitals who trust our licensed content.

Recent Reports

  • #VisualAbstract: Extracorporeal and conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation have similar effects on neurologic outcome in patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
  • Rocatinlimab may be effective in the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
  • Gender-affirming hormones improve psychosocial functioning in transgender youth
License Content
Terms of Use | Disclaimer
Cookie Policy
Privacy Statement (EU)
Disclaimer

© 2021 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. - Physician-written medical news.

  • Specialties
    • Cardiology
    • Chronic Disease
    • Dermatology
    • Emergency
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Imaging and Intervention
    • Infectious Disease
    • Nephrology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics
    • Oncology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatrics
    • Preclinical
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health
    • Pulmonology
    • Rheumatology
    • Surgery
  • The Scan
  • Wellness
  • Classics™
    • 2MM+ Online Access
    • Paperback and Ebook
  • Rewinds
  • Visual
  • Partners
    • License Content
    • Submit Press Release
    • Advertise with Us
  • Account
    • Subscribe
    • Sign-in
    • My account

© 2021 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. - Physician-written medical news.

Want more physician-written
medical news?

Join over 10 million yearly readers and numerous companies. For healthcare professionals
and the public.

Subscribe for free today!

Subscription options